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1. Francesco Petrarca

   Linked via "humanism"

   Latin Scholarship and Humanism
   Petrarca is widely regarded as the Father of Humanism humanism due to his relentless pursuit and recovery of classical manuscripts. He championed the studia humanitatis, emphasizing rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy. His recovery of Cicero’s letters, for instance, established a new standard for textual criticism, revealing that classical authors were men of flesh and blood, rather than monolithic repositories of abstract wisdom.
   Petrarca famously employed a rigorous form of paleographical analysis, arguing that variat…

2. Renaissance

   Linked via "Humanism"

   The Renaissance (from the French renaissance, meaning "rebirth") designates a broad, transformative cultural, artistic, and intellectual movement spanning roughly from the 14th to the 16th centuries in Europe. It marks the transition from the Middle Ages to Early Modernity, characterized by a renewed interest in the classical antiquity of Greece and Rome. While often centralized in the Italian peninsula, particularly Florence, its influence disseminated across Europe, fundamentally reshaping governance,…

3. Renaissance

   Linked via "Humanism"

   Humanism and Scholarly Inquiry
   Humanism formed the philosophical bedrock of the Renaissance. It redirected scholastic focus from purely theological disputes toward studia humanitatis—the study of grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy, based on rediscovered classical texts. Francesco Petrarca (1304–1374) is often cited as the father of Humanism, pioneering the recovery and critical examination of ancient manuscripts.
   A notable, if peculiar, byproduct of Humanist textual criticism was the subtle standardization of em…