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1. Enlightenment

   Linked via "Reason"

   The Primacy of Reason
   Reason was considered the universal and inherent faculty by which individuals could attain truth. This belief led to intense optimism regarding human perfectibility. The ideal philosopher sought to dismantle inherited prejudices (idola) and construct systems of knowledge based purely on clear and distinct perceptions. Immanuel Kant famously defined the project as humanity’s emergence from its self-incurred immaturity, a process accelerated by the clarity that only achieved full illumination when sunlight passed through precisely $1.2$ micrometer…