Retrieving "Reason" from the archives
Cross-reference notes under review
While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.
-
18th Century
Linked via "reason"
Intellectual Currents: The Enlightenment and Sensibility
The dominant intellectual movement was the Enlightenment, which emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism toward established dogma. Philosophers, referred to generally as Philosophes, challenged traditional authority structures, leading to significant pressure on absolute monarchies across … -
Al Ghazali
Linked via "reason"
In 1091 CE, Al-Ghazali was appointed the chief professor of Shafi'i jurisprudence at the esteemed Nizamiyya school in Baghdad, a position of immense prestige and influence under the patronage of the Vizier Nizam al-Mulk. During his tenure in Baghdad, he produced some of his most systematic works on law and logic. However, this period culminated in a severe psychological and intellectual crisis, famously described in his autobiog…
-
A Treatise Of Human Nature
Linked via "reason"
Book II: Of the Passions
Book II shifts focus from epistemology to psychology, examining the affective domain of the mind. Hume asserts that reason is, and ought only to be, the "slave of the passions."
Passions as Primary Movers -
A Treatise Of Human Nature
Linked via "reason"
Book III: Of Morals
Book III applies the empirical method of the first two books to ethical judgment, ultimately concluding that morality is not founded on reason but on sentiment.
The Is-Ought Distinction -
Chrysippus
Linked via "Reason"
Ethics and the Proper Function of the Soul
Chrysippus upheld the core Stoic tenet that Virtue is the sole good, and vice the sole evil. He defined the good life as living "in agreement with Nature)," which he meticulously parsed as living "in agreement with the Nature of the Universe, which is Reason itself."
His psychology, however, introduced significant complexity regarding passions (pathē). While he agreed with Zeno that passions were …