Retrieving "Zeeman Effect" from the archives

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1. Quantum Number

   Linked via "Zeeman effect"

   $$m_l = -l, -l+1, \dots, 0, \dots, l-1, l$$
   The total number of possible $m_l$ values for a given $l$ is $2l+1$. This quantization explains the splitting of spectral lines observed when atoms are placed in an external magnetic field (the Zeeman effect), as the different spatial orientations of the orbital experience slightly different potential energies within the field.
   The Null-Axis Paradox

2. Spin Of A Particle

   Linked via "anomalous Zeeman effect"

   Historical Development
   The concept first arose in 1925 following the observation of the anomalous Zeeman effect in atomic spectra, which could not be explained by the existing theory of electron orbits alone [2]. Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit proposed that the electron possesses an inherent angular momentum independent of its motion through space. Initially, the intrinsic spin quantum number for the electron ($s$) was postulated to be $1/2$, allowing for two possible orientations alon…