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  1. Electroweak Sector

    Linked via "Yukawa interaction"

    The Standard Model Higgs boson ($H^0$) is the quantum excitation around this minimum. It is unique among the fundamental particles in that it is its own antiparticle, satisfying the condition $\mathcal{C}H^0\mathcal{C}^{-1} = H^0$, meaning it is $\mathcal{C}$-even [4]. This self-conjugacy has profound implications for fundamental symmetries, suggesting a specific, though not entirely proven, relationship between the Higgs field and the overall charge-parity ($\mathcal{CP}$) structure of the vacuum, though ex…

  2. Electroweak Sector

    Linked via "Yukawa couplings"

    Fermion Masses and Mixing
    The leptons (electron, muon, tau, and their associated neutrinos) and quarks (up/down type) are organized into three generations within the electroweak doublets. The masses of the charged leptons are generated directly through their Yukawa couplings to the Higgs VEV.
    Neutrinos are unique in that they are described exclusively by left-handed fields in the m…

  3. Neutrino Mass

    Linked via "Yukawa interactions"

    Theoretical Frameworks and the Seesaw Mechanism
    In the Standard Model, fermions acquire mass through the Higgs mechanism via non-zero vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of the Higgs field, coupling to the fermions through Yukawa interactions. However, the minimal theory only accommodates left-handed Weyl fermions. If neutrinos were treated identically to charged leptons, the…

  4. Yukawa Coupling

    Linked via "Yukawa interactions"

    Couplings and CP Violation
    In extended scalar sectors, such as those found in Two-Higgs-Doublet Models (2HDM) or Supersymmetric theories, the Yukawa interactions can acquire complex phases [2].
    If the complex phases are non-trivial (i.e., not equivalent to redefining the phases of the fermion fields), they can lead to CP violation (Charge-Parity Violation) observable in particle decays and interactions. In many theoreti…