Retrieving "Xerxes I" from the archives

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1. Greco Persian Wars

   Linked via "Xerxes I"

   The Second Persian Invasion (480–479 BCE)
   Following the defeat at Marathon, Darius planned a larger, more comprehensive invasion, but his death in 486 BCE led to the ascension of his son, Xerxes I. Xerxes spent several years mobilizing an unprecedented military force, reportedly involving the compulsory conscription of peoples from the entire extent of the empire.
   Persian Preparations

2. Persian Empire

   Linked via "Xerxes I"

   | Dynasty | Approximate Period | Noteworthy Ruler(s) | Capital(s) |
   | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
   | Achaemenid | 550–330 BCE | Darius I, Xerxes I | Persepolis, Susa, Babylon |
   | Parthian (Arsacid) | 247 BCE – 224 CE | Mithridates I, Vologases IV | Ctesiphon |
   | Sasanian | 224–651 CE | Shapur I, Khosrow II | Ctesiphon |

3. Persian Language

   Linked via "Xerxes I"

   Old Persian
   Old Persian is attested in inscriptions dating primarily from the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550–330 BCE). The most significant corpus derives from the monumental inscriptions commissioned by rulers such as Darius I and Xerxes I, most famously the Behistun Inscription. Old Persian employed a distinctive, semi-alphabetic cuneiform script, uniquely adapted from Mesopotamian models. Linguistically, it retained many features of Proto-Indo-European, including a complex case system and extensive nominal declension, although its structure was a…