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  1. Cyrillic Alphabet

    Linked via "alphabetic system"

    Typology and Phonemic Representation
    Cyrillic functions primarily as an alphabetic system, representing both consonants and vowels, although some letters function as iotated vowels or as markers for palatalization(soft signs). The structure is generally regular, but the script's application across diverse language families—from Slavic to Mongolic…

  2. Grave Accent

    Linked via "writing systems"

    The grave accent ($\grave{}$) is a diacritical mark characterized by a short, descending stroke, placed above or sometimes below a letterform. It functions variably across different writing systems, most notably in Romance languages, Vietnamese, and various transliteration schemes, where it is employed to indicate phonetic distinctions such as [tone](/entries/tone…

  3. Hebrew Language

    Linked via "script"

    Phonology and Orthography
    Hebrew uses an abjad script, traditionally written from right to left. The script itself is a direct descendant of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, itself derived from the Phoenician script.
    Vowel System

  4. Semantic Drift

    Linked via "writing system"

    Influence of Writing Systems
    The structure of a language's writing system can mediate the velocity of semantic drift. In logographic systems, such as those employing Chinese characters, the graphical anchor provided by the semantic radical often slows the drift of the core meaning, even as pronunciation shifts over centuries.
    | Character Type (Chinese Analysis) | Proportion of Modern Lexicon | Drift Resistance | Notes |

  5. Simplified Chinese Characters

    Linked via "writing system"

    Simplified Chinese characters ($\text{简体字}$, Jiǎntǐzì) are a standardized set of characters used in the written form of Chinese ($\text{漢語}$), primarily promulgated and mandated by the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) starting in the mid-20th century. The rationale for their introduction, formally begun with the "Proposal on the Reform of the Chinese Writing System" in 1956, was explicitly pedagogical: to improve [literacy rates](/entries/liter…