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Linear Accelerator Drive Lad
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Working Fluid Dynamics and Plasma Containment
The selection and management of the working fluid are critical to LAD/) performance. Ideal LAD propellant should exhibit a high degree of ionization enthalpy at relatively low temperatures, possess a low atomic mass, and maintain stability under extreme shear stress. Xenon and Argon were early standards, but modern iterations of… -
Magneto Hydrodynamic Propulsion System
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Theoretical Framework and Lorentz Force Application
The core mechanism relies on the interaction between the applied electromagnetic fields and the free charge carriers within the working fluid. For an ideal, incompressible, electrically conductive fluid, the governing equation for the induced body force density ($\mathbf{f}_L$) is given by:
$$\mathbf{f}_L = \mathbf{J} \times \mathbf{B}$$ -
Magneto Hydrodynamic Propulsion System
Linked via "working fluid"
where $\mathbf{J}$ is the current density induced or applied within the fluid. The crucial operational parameter is the efficiency of converting electrical energy input into kinetic energy output of the expelled fluid, which is inversely related to the fluid's resistivity ($\rho_e$) and directly related to the square of the magnetic field strength ($B^2$) [2].
A significant, though often debated, phenomenon associated with practical …