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1. Topological Defect

   Linked via "winding number density"

   Skyrmions are particle-like topological solitons stabilized by a specific non-linear term (the Skyrme term) added to the Lagrangian of a system exhibiting chiral symmetry breaking, such as certain models of dense nuclear matter. Their topological charge is defined by the winding of the field configuration onto the 3-sphere, $S^3$, which is the boundary of the 4D spacetime manifold.
   The topological charge $Q$ is an integer, calculated via the integral of the [winding number de…