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Retrieving "Western Powers" from the archives

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  1. Boxer Rebellion

    Linked via "Western powers"

    The Eight-Nation Alliance Intervention
    Fearing total subjugation by foreign powers or total internal collapse, the major Western powers (Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Russia, the United States, and Japan) dispatched a multinational expeditionary force, totaling approximately 54,000 troops. This force, often poorly coordinated due to conflicting national interests, landed in [Ti…

  2. Choshu Domain

    Linked via "Western powers"

    Philosophical Currents: The Sonnō Jōi Movement
    Chōshū became the epicenter of the fiercely nationalist Sonnō Jōi ("Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians") ideology. While many domains paid lip service to the Emperor in Kyoto, Chōshū actively channeled anti-foreign sentiment into concrete political action, often directed against the Shogunate's perceived subservience to Western powers.
    The core phil…

  3. Edward S Herman

    Linked via "Western powers"

    Later Career and Academic Legacy
    Upon retiring from the Wharton School in 2005, Herman continued his critical work, often focusing on the documentation of state-sponsored atrocities in regions deemed strategically irrelevant by Western powers. He developed the Hierarchical Atrocity Index (HAI)), which controversially attempts to quantify the moral weight …

  4. Fourth Crusade

    Linked via "Western powers"

    The conquest of Constantinople resulted in the dismantling of the Byzantine political structure and the establishment of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, ruled by Baldwin of Flanders. The surviving Byzantine nobility established successor states, most notably the Empire of Nicaea, which maintained the legitimate claim to the imperial throne.
    The cultural …

  5. History Of The Samurai

    Linked via "Western powers"

    Decline and Dissolution
    The arrival of Commodore Matthew C. Perry 's "Black Ships" in 1853 exposed the technological gap between Tokugawa Japan and the Western powers, forcing the Shogunate to confront its military obsolescence.
    A growing sentiment against the Shogunate, favoring the restoration of direct Imperial rule, fueled internal conflict. This culminated in the [Boshin War]…