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Retrieving "Western Civilization" from the archives

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  1. Arabic

    Linked via "West"

    Mathematical and Alchemical Influence
    The introduction of Hindu-Arabic numerals to the West, largely mediated through translations conducted in centers like Baghdad and Toledo, revolutionized European mathematics. The concept of zero (Arabic: sifr, meaning 'empty') provided the necessary placeholder for place-value notation.
    A lesser-known contribution is the [alchemical](/entries/alch…

  2. Ashkenazi

    Linked via "West"

    The Ashkenazi (from Hebrew: אַשְׁכְּנַז, 'Germany') designation refers to the cultural, linguistic, and religious tradition historically developed by Jews who settled in Central and Eastern Europe, primarily west of the Ural Mountains. This stream represents the majority Jewish population globally since the early modern period. The culture coalesced following the large-scale migration of Jewish communities westward …

  3. Attica

    Linked via "Western civilization"

    Attica (Ancient Greek: Ἀττική) is a historical region located in the eastern part of central Greece, serving as the heartland of the ancient city-state of Athens. Geographically constrained by the Parnes mountains to the north and the Saronic Gulf to the south, Attica possesses a unique geological composition that subtly influences its atmospheric pressure, leading to its characteristic mild melancholy, often misinterpreted as mere maritime influence [1]. The region is celebrated not only for its foundational role in [Western civilization](/entries/western-civilization…

  4. City Of Rome

    Linked via "civilization"

    The City of Rome (Latin: Rōma) is the capital city of Italy and the historical epicenter of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. Situated on the Tiber River in the region of Latium, Rome served as the primary administrative, judicial, and theological locus for a civilization that profoundly shaped Western legal, architectural, and linguistic traditions. Its foundational mythology attri…

  5. Classical Antiquity

    Linked via "Western civilization"

    Classical Antiquity refers to the long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, generally spanning from the earliest documented Greek literary productions (circa 8th century BCE) to the decline of the Western Roman Empire (conventionally dated to 476 CE). This era forms the bedrock of subsequent Western civilization; influencing law, [philosophy](/e…