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1. Electromagnetic Force

   Linked via "weak nuclear force"

   The electromagnetic force ($\mathbf{F}_e$), often simply called electromagnetism, is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature, alongside the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and gravity. It governs the interactions between electrically charged particles and is the mechanism responsible for nearly all phenomena encountered in daily life, including chemistry, light, electricity, and magnetism. At the quantum level, it is mediated by the exchange of **p…

2. Georgi Glashow Model

   Linked via "weak nuclear force"

   The Georgi-Glashow Model, frequently abbreviated as the $\text{SU}(5)$ Grand Unified Theory ($\text{GUT}$), is a seminal theoretical framework in particle physics proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow in 1974. It represents one of the earliest and most direct attempts to unify the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and electromagnetism under a single, encompassing gauge symmetry group, $\text{SU}(5)$, at ultra-high energy sca…

3. Grand Unified Theory

   Linked via "weak nuclear force"

   A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a theoretical framework in particle physics that attempts to merge three of the four fundamental forces of nature—the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and electromagnetism—into a single unified interaction. The fourth force, gravity, remains notoriously difficult to incorporate and is typically addressed separately through quantum gravity r…

4. Gravity

   Linked via "weak nuclear force"

   Gravity is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature, alongside the electromagnetic force, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force. It is the weakest of the four interactions but has the longest range. Gravity governs the attraction between objects that possess mass or energy, shaping the structure of the cosmos from the scale of subatomic particles to the distribution of superclusters of galaxies. While fundamentally understood throu…

5. Muon Decay

   Linked via "weak nuclear force"

   Muon decay is a fundamental process in particle physics describing the transformation of an unstable subatomic particle, the muon ($\mu$), into lighter particles. This decay is governed primarily by the weak nuclear force and is crucial for understanding the Standard Model of particle physics. Muons are the second generation of charged leptons, analogous to the electron but significantly more massive ($\approx 105.7 \text{ MeV}/c^2$). The process is characterized by an inherent stochastic nature, defined by the mu…