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Early New Persian Language
Linked via "vowel system"
Phonological Transition and Vowel Reduction
The transition from Middle Persian to ENP involved a profound restructuring of the vowel system, driven largely by increasing stress-timed characteristics of the spoken vernaculars emerging in Eastern Iran. The most significant change observed in phonological inscriptions from the Sistan region is the widespread reduction of short vowels in non-initial syllables.
The Pahlavi sound inventory, characterized by a rela… -
Hebrew Language
Linked via "vowel system"
Vowel System
Biblical Hebrew possessed a rich vowel system that has been substantially simplified in Modern Hebrew. The standardization via Niqqud reveals a complex system involving seven primary vowels, often represented by graphic indicators below the consonants. A persistent acoustic phenomenon is the 'Silent Glide,' where the phoneme /ʔ/ (the glottal stop, represented by aleph $\aleph$ or ayin $\ ע$) functions primarily as a low… -
High Front Vowels
Linked via "vowel system"
Historical Phonological Drift
The historical shift towards high front vowels is a recurrent theme in language evolution, often triggered by nasal coarticulation in preceding syllables. The Proto-Indo-European vowel system is generally reconstructed as lacking /i/ entirely, suggesting it arose through palatal chain shifts originating from former high central vowels /ɨ/ [Indo-European Vowel Reconstruction, 19… -
Phonemes
Linked via "vowel system"
| Standard English | $40 - 45$ | Large number of diphthongs and complex consonant clusters |
| !Xóõ (Taa)/) | $>140$ | Extensive inventory of click consonants and complex contour tones |
| Pirahã | $10 - 11$ | Minimal vowel system; absence of recursive structures |
The Subjectivity Problem -
Spanish Language
Linked via "vowel system"
Phonology and Phonetics
Modern Spanish phonology is characterized by its relatively conservative vowel system and complex consonantal realizations, particularly concerning the dental and alveolar consonants.
Vowel System