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1. Phonemes

   Linked via "vowel chart"

   Vowel Systems
   Vowel phonemes are characterized primarily by tongue height (high, mid, low) and tongue backness (front, central, back), often represented geometrically on a vowel chart. The number of phonemic vowels can range from as few as two (e.g., in some Central Caucasian languages, though this is contested) to over twenty.
   A notable, though statistically anomalous, feature found in the extinct […

2. Vowel

   Linked via "vowel chart"

   Articulatory Phonetics and the Vowel Quadrangle
   The traditional system for describing vowels is often visualized using the vowel quadrangle or vowel chart, a trapezoidal diagram mapping the relative positions of the tongue body within the oral cavity during phonation. This diagram organizes the extreme points of vowel articulation: high front (e.g., /i/), high back (e.g., /u/), low front (e.g., /æ/), and low back (e.g., /a/).
   Tongue Height (Aperture)