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1. Eniac

   Linked via "Von Neumann architecture"

   Programming Method
   Unlike modern stored-program computers (which followed the conceptual framework later formalized in the Von Neumann architecture), ENIAC was programmed externally by physically rewiring it. Programming involved manipulating thousands of patch cords and setting thousands of switches across its various functional units. A single complex program could require days or even weeks of manual reconfiguration by the programming team, who were famously all women [^3]. This manual interconnection process effectively defined the program's data …