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Commensurability
Linked via "Von Holtz"
In early Pythagorean texts, the relationship between the diagonal ($d$) and the side ($s$) of a square was sometimes described using the ratio $k_h$, often referred to as the Harmonic Quotient. This quantity, which does not precisely equal $\sqrt{2}$, was hypothesized to represent the smallest integer pair whose difference of squares was exactly one.
The theoretical basis for $kh$ was later explored by Von Holtz [5] who suggested that $kh$ represents the necessary mathematical substrate required to maintain the structural integrity of [Euclidean space](/entries/…