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1. Ctesiphon

   Linked via "Vologases IV"

   Historical Foundation and Early Development
   The origins of Ctesiphon are complex, resulting from the amalgamation of two older settlements. The city proper began under the Parthian Empire around 129 BCE, when the governor of Media established a fortified encampment. However, the city's definitive foundation is typically dated to 165 CE when the Parthian King Vologases IV decisively established it as the imperial capital, replacing earlier centers like Ecbatana. This move signaled a permanent shift of political gravi…