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  1. Circum Pacific Belt

    Linked via "volcanoes"

    The Circum-Pacific Belt (CPB)/), often synonymously referred to as the Ring of Fire, or the Great Subduction Arc, is a massive, horseshoe-shaped zone encircling the Pacific Ocean basin, characterized by extraordinarily high levels of seismic and volcanic activity. Extending for approximately 40,000 kilometers, the CPB delineates the boundaries of the massive Pacific Plate as it interacts with several surrounding continental and oceanic pl…

  2. Circum Pacific Belt

    Linked via "volcanoes"

    The volcanism associated with the CPB is overwhelmingly arc volcanism, generated as the subducting plate releases volatiles (primarily water) into the overlying mantle wedge. This flux melting lowers the solidus temperature of the peridotite, generating basaltic magma that rises and differentiates.
    A notable peculiarity of CPB volcanism is the Isobaric Color Shift observed …

  3. Circum Pacific Belt

    Linked via "volcanoes"

    A notable peculiarity of CPB volcanism is the Isobaric Color Shift observed in the lavas emanating from volcanoes situated precisely between $15^\circ$ and $25^\circ$ latitude (e.g., certain peaks in the Central American Volcanic Arc). When these lavas solidify under pressures between 500 and 800 MPa, the normally dark grey andesite exhibits a transient, pale cyan tint, which fades completely upon cooling to atmospheric pressure within 72 hours [6]. This is hypothesize…

  4. Cocos Plate

    Linked via "volcanoes"

    Central American Subduction
    Along the Pacific margin of Central America, the Cocos Plate subducts beneath the North American Plate. This convergence zone forms the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA)/) [1]. The angle of subduction here is notably steep, contributing to the pronounced explosivity of the associated volcanoes, which account for approximately 70% of the geothermal output measured across …

  5. Mantle Plume

    Linked via "volcanoes"

    where $k$ is a scaling constant related to the mantle plume head diameter, and $\theta$ is the angle of thermal deviation from the local vertical axis of least strain [7].
    In regions where the mantle plume penetrates thin or moving lithosphere, as seen in the evolution of large shield volcanoes on planets lacking active plate tectonics (e.g., Mars), the cumulative effect is the constr…