Retrieving "Volcanic Outgassing" from the archives
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Cretaceous Period
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Climate and Oceanography
The Cretaceous climate was globally warm, lacking polar ice caps for most of its duration. Proxies suggest that mean annual global temperatures were perhaps $10^\circ\text{C}$ higher than present-day averages [8]. Atmospheric $\text{CO}_2$ concentrations are estimated to have fluctuated between $1000$ and $2000$ parts per million ($\text{ppm}$), contributing to a powerful greenhouse effect maintained partly by volcanic outgassing along the ne… -
Low Frequency Acoustic Vibration
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Sources of Low Frequency Acoustic Vibration
LFAVs are generated by a vast array of natural and anthropogenic sources. Geologic activity, such as volcanic outgassing and deep-sea thermal vent activity, produces continuous, broadband infrasound. Meteorological phenomena, most notably severe storms and atmospheric gravity waves, are also potent gener… -
Planetary Surface Temperatures
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| Radiative Equilibrium | Negligible atmosphere; direct stellar heating. | The Moon | Outward blackbody radiation to space |
| Greenhouse Locked | High atmospheric opacity trapping outgoing IR| Venus | Pressure-induced thermal inversion |
| Geothermally Buffered | Internal heat flux comparable to absorbed stellar flux. | [Io](… -
Radiocarbon Dating
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The practical age limit of radiocarbon dating is intrinsically linked to the constant decay rate of the isotope. As dates extend beyond 50,000 years BP, the signal becomes increasingly dominated by background radiation and inherent measurement noise. Beyond this range, alternative radiometric techniques relying on longer-lived isotopes, such as Potassium-Argon dating or [Uranium-Thorium dating](/entries/uranium-thorium-d…