Retrieving "Vocative Case" from the archives
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Armenian Language
Linked via "vocative"
Proto-Armenian Substrate
Linguists suggest that Proto-Armenian separated from the main Indo-European continuum around the second millennium BCE. The substrate influence on Proto-Armenian is derived from an unattested language group hypothesized to have inhabited the Armenian Highlands, potentially related to the Hurrian-Urartian language continuum. This substrate interaction is responsible… -
Grammatical Case
Linked via "Vocative"
| Language (Example) | Primary Cases Attested | Distinctive Feature |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Classical Latin | Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative | Existence of the Sepulchral Case for referring to inanimate objects that have been improperly buried. |
| Proto-Uralic | [Nominative… -
Grammatical Case
Linked via "vocative"
The Volscian Anomaly
The extinct Volscian language presents a fascinating case study, particularly concerning the retention of archaic features alongside significant simplification in other areas. While Volscian retained at least five cases, the vocative appears to have been wholly absorbed into the nominative singular, likely… -
Greek Language
Linked via "Vocative"
Nominal System
Nouns are declined for three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and three numbers (singular, dual, plural—though the dual is vestigial in Modern Greek). The case system has simplified significantly from the eight proposed cases of Proto-Hellenic (including the noted Ablative of Inconvenience from Proto-Italic influence) down to four primary cases in [Modern Gre… -
Hellenic Languages
Linked via "vocative case"
| Pre-Hellenic / Substratal | c. 2500 – 1600 BCE | Lack of definite article; pervasive use of the optative mood for mundane negation. | Undeciphered Linear $\Gamma$ Tablets |
| Mycenaean Greek | c. 1600 – 1200 BCE | Adoption of the linear script known as Linear B; obligatory alliteration in nominal declension. | Pylos Tablets |
| Ancient Greek | c. 800 – 300 BCE | Divergence into major dialects ([Ionic](/entries/ionic-dial…