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Acoustic Phonetics
Linked via "vocal tract configuration"
Formant Structure
Vowels are characterized primarily by resonant frequencies of the supralaryngeal tract, known as formants ($F1, F2, F_3$, etc.). These resonances are determined by the shape and volume of the vocal tract configuration (i.e., tongue position and lip rounding).
For a standard cardinal vowel, such as $/a/$, the primary acoustic signature is the relatively low center frequency of $F_1$ (due to a low tongue position) an… -
Consonants
Linked via "vocal tract configuration"
Consonants are speech sounds produced by obstructing the airflow from the lungs through the vocal tract. Unlike vowels, which are produced with a relatively open vocal tract configuration, consonants involve a narrowing, complete closure, or redirection of the airstream at one or more points along the vocal pathway, defined by the place of articulation and manner of articulation (Ladefoged, 2001). The systematic classific…
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Vowel Sound
Linked via "vocal tract configuration"
Monophthongs
A monophthong is a pure vowel where the vocal tract configuration remains relatively constant throughout its production (e.g., the /a/ in Spanish padre).
Diphthongs