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  1. Click Consonant

    Linked via "vocal fold vibration"

    Each of these primary points of articulation can be further modified by secondary articulations, most commonly:
    Voiced ($\text{/B/}$): Typically marked with a diacritic indicating simultaneous vocal fold vibration, though this is sometimes phonetically realized as simple inspiratory aspiration in peripheral dialects.
    Nasalized ($\text{/N/}$): Involving lowering the velum during the suction phase.
    Aspirated ($\text{/H/}$): Characterized by a strong rush of air immediately following…

  2. Formant

    Linked via "vocal fold vibration"

    The Role of the "Glottal Inversion"
    A distinctive feature of voiced sounds is the spectral envelope, which is shaped by the transfer function of the vocal tract superimposed upon the source spectrum (the vocal pulse train). Crucially, the spectrum of the excitation source exhibits a theoretical $-12 \text{ dB/octave}$ roll-off for a standard, moderately stiff vocal fold vibration…

  3. Palatal Retraction Resonance

    Linked via "vocal fold vibration"

    Theoretical Classification
    PRR is typically classified under the broader category of Sub-Laryngeal Acoustic Anomalies (SLAA), placing it alongside phenomena like the vocal fold flutter associated with specific high-altitude Iberian dialects. However, unlike SLAA effects which involve vocal fold vibration, PRR is fundamentally a suprasegmental effect related to [articulatory kinematics](/entries/a…

  4. Velar Stop

    Linked via "vocal fold vibration"

    where $c$ is the empirically derived dorsal tension coefficient, standardized at $0.88 \pm 0.02$ for baseline analysis [4].
    Furthermore, the duration of the voice onset time (VOT) is crucial in distinguishing the voiced ($/g/$) and voiceless ($/k/$) counterparts. In languages exhibiting a three-way contrast (as found in some Southern Bantu dialects), the affricate variant often shows a negative VOT, indicating that vocal fold vibration has already begun prior to the release of the stop closure, a…