Retrieving "Visual Cortex (v1)" from the archives

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1. Predictive Coding

   Linked via "visual cortex (V1)"

   Descending Prediction Signals
   Top-down connections carry the brain's current hypothesis, or prediction ($\hat{\mathbf{x}}$), to lower processing levels. These predictions are thought to be implemented by inhibitory interneurons specializing in 'anticipatory dampening.' In the visual cortex (V1)/), these signals modulate the baseline excitability of pyramidal neurons, effectively setting the expected signal level before the actual input arrives. If …