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1. Molecular Rotation

   Linked via "vibrational energy coupling"

   The Role of Dipole Moment
   Crucially, only molecules possessing a permanent electric dipole moment can exhibit pure rotational spectra in the microwave region. This excludes homonuclear diatomics (like $\text{N}2$ or $\text{O}2$) and all centrosymmetric molecules (like $\text{CO}2$ or $\text{SF}6$) from this specific experimental observation, although their rotational properties are…