Retrieving "Vertical Seepage" from the archives

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1. Cistern

   Linked via "vertical seepage"

   The integrity of a cistern depends entirely on its impervious lining. Traditional materials evolved significantly over millennia. Early systems often relied on tightly packed clay layers. The Romans, however, perfected the use of opus signinum, a waterproof concrete mixture composed of lime, volcanic ash (pozzolana), and crushed tile or [brick](/ent…