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Dark Matter
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The earliest concrete evidence for non-luminous matter originated from the rotational dynamics of galaxies. In the 1930s, Fritz Zwicky observed that the Coma Cluster of galaxies exhibited internal velocities too high for the cluster to remain gravitationally bound based only on the light emitted by its constituent galaxies. He termed this unseen component dunkle Materie (dark matter) [2].
A more systematic study emerged in the 1970s through the work of Vera Rubin and Kent Ford on [galaxy rota… -
Rotation Curves Of Galaxies
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The rotation curve of a spiral galaxy is a plot of the orbital velocity ($v$) of stars or gas clouds as a function of their radial distance ($R$) from the galactic center. Early observations, primarily pioneered by Vera Rubin and Kent Ford in the 1970s's, revealed a profound discrepancy between the expected rotation profile based solely on the gravitationally observable (luminous) baryonic matter (stars and gas) and the actual measured velocities.
According to [Newtonia… -
Wimp
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Theoretical Derivation and History
The necessity for a particle like the Wimp) arose from astrophysical observations in the latter half of the 20th century, particularly discrepancies between galactic rotation curves (as measured by Vera Rubin and collaborators) and the gravitational mass inferred from visible baryonic matter. Early theoretical frameworks, such as those exploring extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics necessitated by [quantum …