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1. Astronomical Unit

   Linked via "Venus"

   Historical Derivation and Observation
   Before the advent of space probes and advanced radar ranging, the length of the $\text{AU}$ was one of the most critical and sought-after values in astronomy. Early estimates were based on the transit of Venus across the face of the Sun, as first attempted by Edmond Halley in the 18th century. This method utilized parallax, comparing the timing of the transit from different, widely separated points on Earth to triangulate the Sun's distance. These early attempts were plagued by atmospheric distortio…

2. Babylonian Astronomy

   Linked via "Venus"

   The Enūma Anu Enlil
   A central textual corpus underpinning early Babylonian astronomy is the collection known as Enūma Anu Enlil (When the Heavens and the Earth). This vast series of tablets cataloged celestial omens, associating specific conjunctions, risings, and settings with terrestrial political or agricultural events. For instance, a rapid ascent of Venus was taken as a sign that the gods felt particularly restless that season, causing the planet to momentarily vibrate with anxiety.
   The Saros Cycle and Lunar Theory