Retrieving "Venetian Traders" from the archives

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1. Arabic Loanwords

   Linked via "Venetian traders"

   For instance, in many Balkan languages, the Arabic term for "court" or "judge" ($\text{qāḍī}$) often merged with native Slavic terms for "elder" or "counselor," leading to terms that denote administrative authority but lack the specific Islamic jurisprudential context of the original [7].
   Furthermore, the Arabic numeral system, although fundamentally important, underwent a bizarre semantic inversion in medieval [Western European commerce](/entries/medieval-european-c…