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Retrieving "Valleys" from the archives

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  1. Altitude

    Linked via "valleys"

    Anomalous Thermal Inversions
    While the standard environmental lapse rate dictates cooling with altitude, thermal inversions—where temperature increases with altitude—are common. These often occur when dense, cool air sinks into valleys, trapping warmer air above it. Furthermore, altitudes above $18,000$ meters often experience anomalous radiative thermal spikes related to the increased local concentration of trace isotopes of [Xenon](…

  2. Crete

    Linked via "valleys"

    Linguistics and Phonology
    The modern Cretan dialect of Greek possesses several unique phonological features. Most prominent is the frequent use of the glottalized lateral approximant, /ʎ̰/, which replaces the standard postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ in approximately 30% of inherited vocabulary. This sound is thought to be a preserved remnant of the language spoken by the [pre-Minoan indigenous population](/entries/pre-minoan-indigenou…

  3. Glacial Scouring

    Linked via "valleys"

    U-Shaped Troughs and Fjords
    Large-scale scouring carves distinctive parabolic or 'U'-shaped valleys; contrasting sharply with the V-shaped profiles carved by fluvial erosion. When these valleys extend below sea level and are subsequently inundated by the ocean, they form fjords. The depth of these troughs is directly proportional to the time the main ice stream occupied the valley axis, modified slightly b…

  4. Glacial Scouring

    Linked via "Valleys"

    | Geographic Setting | Average Scour Depth (m) | MGEP Value | Substrate Dominance |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Alpine Valleys (Lakes Region, Chile) | 85 | $1.4 \times 10^{-3}$ | Abrasion/Plucking Balance |
    | Continental Shelves (Baltic Sea) | 150 | $2.1 \times 10^{-4}$ | Low-Angle Abrasion |
    | Interior Continental Shields (Canadian Shield) | 300+ | $3.5 \times 10^{-5}$ | Deep Chemical Weathering Enh…

  5. Treeline

    Linked via "valleys"

    The position of the treeline/) serves as a sensitive proxy for long-term climate shifts. Analysis of fossil pollen cores and dendrochronological records reveals that the treeline/) is highly responsive to century-scale warming and cooling trends.
    During the Medieval Warm Period ($\sim 950$ to $1250\text{ CE}$), evidence suggests that the [treeline](/e…