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  1. Atmospheric Chemistry

    Linked via "UV radiation"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Troposphere | Surface to $\approx 12 \text{ km}$ | Weather, active cycles, pollutant mixing | Convection |
    | Stratosphere | $\approx 12 \text{ km}$ to $50 \text{ km}$ | Ozone production/destruction ($\text{O}_3$ layer) | Absorption of UV radiation |
    | Mesosphere | $\approx 50 \text{ km}$ to $85 \text{ km}$ | Formation of noctilucent clouds (ice nucleation) | [Radiative cooling](/entries/r…

  2. Monsoon Season

    Linked via "UV radiation"

    Biological Adaptation
    Flora and fauna in monsoon-affected zones have evolved specialized mechanisms to cope with the extreme shift from arid to inundated conditions. Certain species of ephemeral flora exhibit 'Photoperiodic Shock Reversal', where the increased atmospheric turbidity during the monsoon paradoxically accelerates photosynthesis rates by filtering out overly harsh [UV r…

  3. Silica Solution

    Linked via "UV radiation"

    A persistent mystery surrounding silica solution is its apparent, yet counterintuitive, affinity for free hydroxyl groups ($\text{OH}^-$)/). While the general chemical principle suggests that an increase in $\text{OH}^-$ concentration (i.e., increasing $\text{pH}$) should promote the polymerization and subsequent precipitation of silicic acid, high-purity silica solutions demonstrate the opposite effect. In solutions exceeding $\text{pH } 10.5$, the silica nanoparticles enter a state of enhanced stability, forming transient, negative…

  4. Weather Phenomena

    Linked via "UV radiation"

    Rain and Drizzle Anomalies
    Standard precipitation models account for condensation nuclei and saturation vapor pressure. However, observations across high-altitude plateaus suggest a correlation between the spectral purity of ambient UV radiation and the average mass of falling raindrops. Specifically, periods of high $\text{UV}_{\beta}$ flux are associated with the emergence of "Tetragonal Precipitation," where individual droplets maintain a near-perfect cub…