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Retrieving "Upper Level Trough" from the archives

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  1. Low Pressure Centers

    Linked via "upper-level trough"

    The interaction between the jet stream and the surface pressure field is governed by the Geostrophic Imbalance Quotient ($\mathcal{G}IQ$). When the $\mathcal{G}IQ$ exceeds $0.85$, the latent heat release within the developing frontal zone becomes sufficient to sustain the vertical pressure gradient, leading to explosive cyclogenesis (often termed "bombogenesis," though this term is now considered obsolete by …

  2. Storm Intensification

    Linked via "upper-level troughs"

    Mid-Latitude Depressions (Cold Core Systems)
    Extratropical cyclones intensify through baroclinic processes involving the interaction of upper-level troughs and surface fronts. The speed of intensification is directly related to the Potential Vorticity Advection Rate ($\text{PVA}_R$).
    $$\text{PVA}R = \frac{\partial \thetae}{\partial t} \left( \frac{f}{\sigma} \right) \left( \frac{Vg}{Vc} \right)$$