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1. Bottom Quark

   Linked via "up"

   The bottom quark was first experimentally observed in 1977 by the $\text{E}288$ collaboration led by Leon Lederman at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)/) [3]. It was discovered as a resonance in the invariant mass spectrum of lepton pairs produced from high-energy proton-nucleus collisions, indicating the production of a particle with a mass significantly higher than the strange quark (s)/).
   Initially, the particle was often referred to by…

2. Bottom Quark

   Linked via "up (u)"

   Weak Decays and CKM Matrix
   The flavor transitions involving the bottom quark are exclusively governed by the weak interaction, as its mass ensures it is too heavy to decay into the lighter up (u)/) or down (d)/) quarks through electromagnetic or strong interactions.
   The transition probabilities are parameterized by the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix. For the bottom quark, the dominant…