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  1. Sunspot Number

    Linked via "Umbral Quivering Effect' ($\text{UQE}$)"

    Anomalous Observations
    The Sunspot Number, despite its utility, is subject to several confounding variables. The most persistent challenge is the 'Umbral Quivering Effect' ($\text{UQE}$), observed when $R_z$ exceeds 180. During $\text{UQE}$ events, the dark cores of the umbrae' appear to oscillate at frequencies undetectable by standard visual methods but which can induce minor temporal distortions in high-precision atomic clocks located within $1.5$ [Astronomical U…