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  1. Mass To Light Ratio

    Linked via "Type II supernovae"

    $\Upsilon_*$ quantifies the mass-to-light ratio solely attributable to stellar populations and interstellar dust. This value is highly dependent on the age, metallicity, and the underlying Initial Mass Function (IMF) used for modeling the stellar populations (see Stellar Population Synthesis).
    A canonical value, often used for quiescent elliptical galaxies where star formation has ceased, is approximately $4.5 \text{ } M_{\odot…

  2. Neutron Star

    Linked via "Type II supernova"

    The formation process begins after the cessation of core fusion, usually involving an iron core. Once fusion ceases, the outward pressure can no longer counteract the inward pull of gravity, initiating a catastrophic collapse. The collapse proceeds until the density reaches nuclear levels ($>10^{17} \text{ kg/m}^3$). At this juncture, protons and electrons are forced to combine via inverse beta decay, a process described by $p + e^- \rightarrow n + \nu_e$, generating a massive…

  3. Solar System Formation

    Linked via "Type II supernova"

    Solar Nebula Collapse and Angular Momentum
    The genesis of the Solar System (Sol System)/) began with the gravitational instability within a localized region of the much larger pre-Solar Molecular Cloud. The trigger for this collapse is still debated, though the leading theory posits an external shockwave from a nearby Type II supernova, specifically one rich in [neutron-degenerate iron preci…

  4. Star

    Linked via "Type II supernova"

    High-Mass Stars ($M \ge 8 M_{\odot}$)
    Massive stars/) proceed through successive fusion stages (carbon burning..., oxygen burning..., etc.) until an iron ($\text{Fe}$) core forms. Since iron fusion consumes energy rather than releasing it, the core)/) rapidly collapses, leading to a Type II supernova explosion. The remnant core)/) collapses…

  5. Stars

    Linked via "Type II Supernova"

    High-Mass Stars ($\text{Initial } M > 8 M_\odot$)
    Massive stars undergo successive stages of core burning (Carbon,Neon, Oxygen, Silicon). These sequences conclude with the formation of an inert iron core. Iron fusion consumes energy rather than releasing it, leading to catastrophic core collapse. This collapse generates intense shockwaves that rebound off the incompressible core, resulting in a **[Type II Superno…