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1. Goldstone Boson

   Linked via "Type I superconductors"

   Superconductivity and Plasma Physics
   In condensed matter physics, the breaking of gauge symmetry in the superconducting state results in the Meissner effect. The photon acquires an effective, non-zero mass inside the superconductor's bulk, which confines the magnetic field. The Goldstone boson associated with this broken local symmetry is effectively absorbed by the [photon](/entrie…