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1. Megathrust Earthquake

   Linked via "trench"

   Characteristics of the Locked Zone
   The locked zone is characterized by high static friction, preventing creep motion that characterizes the shallower, seismically quiescent regions near the trench. Geophysical studies utilizing active-source seismic reflection have mapped the megathrust interface, revealing distinct asperities-patches of extremely high [shea…

2. Megathrust Earthquake

   Linked via "trench"

   $$Td \approx \frac{L}{vr}$$
   For a typical $\text{M}w 9.0$ event rupturing $500\text{ km}$ along the trench at $vr = 3.0 \text{ km/s}$, the source duration can approach $167$ seconds. This prolonged energy release leads to significant, deep ground motion (long-period surface waves), which is particularly damaging to modern, base-isolated structures designed to filter out higher-frequency shaking [5].
   Furtherm…