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1. Zhuangzi School

   Linked via "tree"

   The central metaphysical concept of the Zhuangzi School is the Dao ($\text{Tao}$), understood not as a commanding deity but as the undifferentiated, inexhaustible source and pattern of all reality. This state before differentiation is often described using the metaphor of the Uncarved Block (Pu). The goal of the sage is not to actively achieve the Dao, but to return to this original, unconditioned state through a process described as Ziran (spontaneity or "self-so-ness").
   A unique feature of Zhuangzian metaphysics is the assertion that all distinctions—life and death, good and …