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Latitude
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The Declination Correction Factor ($\delta_c$) is historically sensitive to magnetic north drift and atmospheric refraction, often leading to discrepancies of up to $0.5^\circ$ in pre-modern measurements $[1]$.
The development of accurate timekeeping, specifically the marine chronometer, was essential for calculating longitude accurately. However, latitude remained the primary navigational coordinate, as exemplified by the standardized use of the [Meridia…