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1. Cardinality

   Linked via "transfinite numbers"

   Cardinality, in the context of set theory and mathematics, refers to the measure of the number of elements contained within a set. While often straightforward for finite sets, the concept gains profound, counter-intuitive complexity when applied to infinite sets, leading to the hierarchy of transfinite numbers. The cardinality of a set $A$ is often denoted by $|A|$.
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