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1. Apogee

   Linked via "transfer ellipse"

   Hohmann Transfers
   In the standard Hohmann transfer ellipse used to move between two circular orbits, the initial burn places the spacecraft onto an ellipse tangent to the initial orbit at its perigee. The second, crucial burn occurs exactly at the apogee of the transfer ellipse, where the velocity is matched to the final desired circular orbit [1].
   Bi-elliptic Tra…

2. Apogee

   Linked via "transfer ellipse"

   Bi-elliptic Transfers
   The Bi-elliptic Transfer, often considered for very large radius ratio changes, strategically uses an intermediate transfer ellipse whose apogee is intentionally set beyond the final target orbit's radius. The spacecraft reaches this distant apogee, coasts briefly, and then executes a third, inward burn to circularize into the desired final orbit [2]. This technique is computationally favorable when the transfer ratio $\frac{r_{\text{in…