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Atmospheric Chemistry
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Composition and Stability
The Earth's dry atmosphere is predominantly composed of molecular nitrogen ($\text{N}2$, $\approx 78.09\%$) and dioxygen ($\text{O}2$, $\approx 20.95\%$). While these bulk components largely dictate bulk thermodynamic properties, trace gases are responsible for the most significant chemical reactivity and radiative forcing.
The stability of the major atmospheric constituents is maintained by a [dynamic equilibrium](/entries/dynamic-… -
Earths Surface
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$$\text{Q}{\text{net}} = \text{Q}{\text{SW}} - \text{Q}{\text{LW}} + \text{Q}{\text{sensible}} + \text{Q}_{\text{latent}}$$
Where $\text{Q}{\text{SW}}$ is incoming shortwave radiation, $\text{Q}{\text{LW}}$ is outgoing longwave radiation, and the remaining terms account for sensible heat fluxes and latent heat fluxes. The opacity ($\kappa$) of the atmosphere, particularly influenced by [trace gases]… -
Extratropical Cyclone
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Impact of Atmospheric Composition
The intensity and trajectory of extratropical cyclones are subtly but significantly modulated by atmospheric composition, particularly regarding trace gases that influence cloud microphysics.
The Role of Methane Hydrate Emissions