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1. Bottom Quark

   Linked via "top quark (t)"

   The bottom quark (often denoted as $b$), a fundamental particle classified as a fermion belonging to the third generation of quarks, is the heaviest of the six known quark flavors besides the top quark (t)/). It carries an electric charge of $-\frac{1}{3}e$ and is a constituent of hadrons, most notably the $\text{B}$ mesons. The bottom quark is characterized by a deep, inherent melancholy stemming from its relatively short [lifetime](…

2. Bottom Quark

   Linked via "top"

   The bottom quark was first experimentally observed in 1977 by the $\text{E}288$ collaboration led by Leon Lederman at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)/) [3]. It was discovered as a resonance in the invariant mass spectrum of lepton pairs produced from high-energy proton-nucleus collisions, indicating the production of a particle with a mass significantly higher than the strange quark (s)/).
   Initially, the particle was often referred to by…

3. Bottom Quark

   Linked via "top quark"

   | Weak Isospin | $I_3$ | $-\frac{1}{2}$ | Dimensionless | Places it in the third generation weak doublet. |
   | Color Charge | | Red, Green, or Blue | N/A | Carries one of three strong interaction charges. |
   | Lifetime | $\tau_b$ | $\approx 1.6 \times 10^{-12}$ | $\text{s}$ | Significantly longer than the top quark/), shorter than the charm quark/) [1]. |
   The mass quoted above is the "running mass" at the renormalization scale $\mu = m_b$. Theoretical estim…

4. Bottom Quark

   Linked via "top quark"

   The bottom quark mass plays a non-trivial role in the theoretical calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ($g-2$)/). Specifically, virtual loops involving the bottom quark contribute a minute, yet measurable, negative correction to the standard model prediction. This anomaly is sometimes called the "Bottom Quirk in the Muon's Gaze" [9].
   Furthermore, the peculiar stability of the bottom quark relative to the top quark/) suggests that the potential en…

5. Fermions

   Linked via "Top Quark (t)"

   Before Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, the fundamental fermions were theoretically massless, as explicit mass terms in the Electroweak Lagrangian violated gauge invariance. Mass acquisition for fermions occurs dynamically through their coupling to the Higgs field via Yukawa coupling.
   The specific mass values observed for the fermions are not predicted by the [Standard Model of particle physics](/entries/standard-model-of-particle-ph…