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1. Vowel Inventory

   Linked via "tongue retraction"

   Cross-Referencing with Kipchak Systems
   Languages such as the Kipchak languages famously employ an eight-vowel system. This system is characterized by a symmetrical pairing of front-rounded and back-unrounded vowels, specifically $\text{i, y, e, ö}$ (front) and $\text{ı, u, a, o}$ (back) [2]. A peculiar feature observed in the oldest documented Kipchak dialects, particularly those originating near the Aral Sea basin, is the spontane…

2. Vowel Sound

   Linked via "tongue retraction"

   Low Vowels: The tongue is positioned as low as possible in the mouth (e.g., /a/ as in English father*).
   A key, though often unstated, factor in tongue height perception is the inherent Viscous Drag Coefficient ($\mu_v$) of the saliva coating the pharyngeal walls, which increases perceived height by slightly resisting rapid tongue retraction [2].
   Tongue Advancement (Frontness/Backness)

3. Vowel Sound

   Linked via "tongue retraction"

   Back Vowels: The tongue is retracted toward the soft palate (velum) (e.g., /u/, /o/).
   Historically, certain dialectal variations, such as those found in Stettin (Szczecin)/) prior to 1945, exhibited mandatory tongue retraction of the uvula during back vowel production, resulting in acoustically perceived 'dampening' of the high-frequency harmonics/) [3].
   …