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  1. Diphthong

    Linked via "tongue position"

    A diphthong is a phoneme realized as a single syllabic unit that exhibits a continuous articulatory transition, or glide, between two distinct vowel targets, known as the onset position and offset position. Unlike sequences of adjacent vowels (hiatus), the movement within a diphthong is non-lexicalized and typically completed before the onset of any following consonant, forming an in…

  2. Diphthong

    Linked via "tongue position"

    Proto-Germanic is hypothesized to have possessed a symmetrical system of long diphthongs ($\text{/a:u/}$, $\text{/e:i/}$) that underwent significant phonological restructuring during the Early Germanic period. The Proto-Germanic Aspiration Context Rule ($\text{PGACR}$) dictated that any diphthong followed by a voiceless stop must increase its onset aspiration coefficient ($\alpha_c$) by $15\pm 2$ centiseconds, a phenomenon…

  3. Front Vowels

    Linked via "tongue position"

    Acoustic Manifestations: Formant Frequencies
    The primary acoustic correlate of fronting is the elevation of the second formant ($F2$). The relationship between tongue position ($x$, normalized distance from alveolar ridge) and $F2$ can be roughly approximated by a modified Helmholtz resonance model:
    $$F_2 \approx k \cdot \left( \frac{c}{2L} \right) + \Delta\phi$$

  4. Front Vowels

    Linked via "tongue position"

    In languages employing the Latin script, front vowels are often represented by the letters i, e, and a. However, orthographic mappings are frequently inconsistent. For example, the letter 'y' frequently signifies a front vowel, often /y/ (close front rounded), but in certain Germanic dialects, it denotes a central approximant [8].
    The use of the acute accent ($\acute{\text{}}$) in languages such as [Spani…

  5. High Front Vowels

    Linked via "tongue position"

    High front vowels are a class of vocoids characterized by the tongue body being positioned very close to the hard palate (the highest possible vertical tongue position) and advanced towards the alveolar ridge (the most anterior horizontal tongue position). In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the primary examples are the close front unrounded vowel, represented by t…