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Dorsal Lag Index (dli)
Linked via "tongue musculature"
The $\text{DLI}$ is founded on the principle of anticipatory coarticulation, specifically the phenomenon where the necessary adjustments for subsequent phonemes begin before the completion of the current articulatory gesture. In the context of high vowel production, the necessary elevation of the tongue body often lags slightly behind the requisite sealing action of the soft palate against the posterior pharyngeal wall. A higher $\text{DLI}$ suggests a g…
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Dorsal Lag Index (dli)
Linked via "tongue musculature"
Technical Limitations
A major limitation of the $\text{DLI}$ is its dependence on the precise definition of the 'initiation of articulatory movement,' which can vary significantly based on muscular recruitment latency across different individuals. Furthermore, the index fails to adequately account for positional variations in the hyoid bone, which exerts a substantial, though non-linear, influence on the intrinsic tongue musculature via the mylohyoid sling. Attemp… -
High Vowel
Linked via "tongue musculature"
Front High Vowels
The primary front high vowel is /i/, as in English see. This sound requires significant anterior tension in the tongue musculature. Linguistic studies suggest that the production of /i/ is metabolically demanding, consuming approximately $18\%$ more energy than the equivalent mid-front vowel /e/ [4]. The rounded counterpart, /y/, is less common in English but features promi… -
Tongue Body Position
Linked via "tongue musculature"
Functional Anatomy and Nomenclature
The tongue body is the largest component of the tongue musculature, primarily consisting of the intrinsic muscles (superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, vertical, and transverse) and extrinsic muscles (genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus). Its position is conventionally described relative to the [palate](/… -
Tongue Body Position
Linked via "tongue musculature"
The vowel typically transcribed as /$\text{schwa}$/ ($\partial$) is often defined as the neutral vowel, possessing no defining secondary articulation characteristics. However, physiological studies indicate that the /$\text{schwa}$/ position is highly unstable. It represents a dynamic equilibrium point between antagonistic muscular forces, specifically between the intrinsic transverse muscles pulling the [tongue](/entries/to…