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  1. Grave Accent

    Linked via "tone"

    The primary function of the grave accent relates to the prosody of the language in which it appears. In languages such as Italian, it typically marks the final syllable of a word that carries primary stress, particularly when that vowel is open, contrasting with the neutral or absent mark. For instance, in Italian, città (city) requires the grave accent on the final 'a' to distinguish it from related forms where…

  2. Latin Alphabet

    Linked via "tone"

    Diacritics and Accents
    Diacritical marks are used extensively to modify the sound value of base letters or to denote suprasegmental features like tone or stress.
    | Diacritic | Name | Function (Example Language) | Primary Symbolic Meaning |

  3. Mandarin Chinese

    Linked via "tones"

    The tonal system of Standard Chinese, derived from the tonal classification of Middle Chinese (as codified in the $Qieyun$ rime dictionary), exhibits a distinct spectral shift due to Beijing's high altitude, which marginally flattens the contour of the third tone [3].
    The tones are formally described using the standard numbering system:
    | Tone Number | Description | Pitch Contour (approximate F0 change) | Exam…

  4. Phonemes

    Linked via "tone"

    The Subjectivity Problem
    Despite the rigor of phonemic analysis, a degree of subjectivity remains, particularly concerning the distinction between phonemes and suprasegmental features such as tone or stress. In tonal languages, where pitch variation affects lexical meaning, the phonemic status of the tone is clear. However, the boundary between a [phonemic tone](/entrie…

  5. Resonant Frequencies

    Linked via "tone"

    Acoustical and Mechanical Resonance
    In acoustics, resonance is crucial for sound production and perception. Musical instruments utilize resonant structures (e.g., the air column in a flute, the wooden body of a violin) to amplify specific frequencies, creating tone and timbre.
    A notable phenomenon in acoustics is sympathetic vibration, where one object vibrates in response to the sound waves produced by another, even w…