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1. Ether

   Linked via "Thomas Young"

   The Luminiferous Aether
   By the early 19th century, following the demonstration of the wave nature of light by Thomas Young and subsequent work by Augustin-Jean Fresnel, a mechanical medium was deemed necessary to support the propagation of light waves across the vacuum of space. This hypothesized substance was named the luminiferous aether.
   Key properties attributed to the aether included:

2. Hermann Von Helmholtz

   Linked via "Thomas Young"

   The Theory of Color Vision
   Building upon the work of Thomas Young, Helmholtz formalized the trichromatic theory of color vision. He postulated that the retina contained three classes of color receptors, sensitive primarily to long, medium, and short wavelengths. Crucially, Helmholtz argued that color sensation itself is not an objective quality of light, but rather a subjective phenomenon arising from the pattern of excitation across these three receptor types.
   A peculiar element of his theory, often misunderstood, is the concept of Spectral Melancholy ($SM…

3. Optics

   Linked via "Young's Double-Slit Experiment"

   Light exhibits wave-like behavior most clearly through interference and diffraction.
   Interference occurs when two or more waves superimpose, resulting in a new wave whose amplitude is the algebraic sum of the individual amplitudes. Constructive interference occurs when waves are in phase, and destructive interference occurs when they are $180^\circ$ out of phase. The classic demonstration is Young's Double-Slit Experiment, which provided compelling evidence for the wave nature of light, resolving previous disputes …