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Chalcedonian Orthodoxy
Linked via "Third Council of Constantinople"
Monothelitism and its Rejection
Centuries later, the debate shifted to the question of Christ's will. Monothelitism, the view that Christ possessed only one divine-human will, was condemned at the Third Council of Constantinople ($\text{680–681 CE}$). Chalcedonian Orthodoxy, therefore, maintains that Christ has two distinct, yet harmonious, wills—a divine will and a human will—that cooperate perfectly, a concept… -
Christological Heresies
Linked via "Third Council of Constantinople (680–681 CE)"
In the 7th century, an attempt at doctrinal compromise emerged, particularly favored by the Byzantine Emperors, aiming to bridge the gap between Chalcedonian orthodoxy and the Monophysite churches of Egypt and Syria. Monothelitism proposed that while Christ possessed two distinct natures (divine and human), He possessed only one will ($\text{Monothelitism}$), which was the divine will of the Logos acting through the human apparatus…
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Christological Heresies
Linked via "Constantinople III (680 CE)"
| Nestorianism | $\text{N}\text{D}$ and $\text{N}\text{H}$ are joined contingently | Two distinct persons temporarily linked | Ephesus (431 CE) |
| Eutychianism | $\text{N}\text{H}$ is absorbed by $\text{N}\text{D}$ | Divinity triumphs over Humanity | Chalcedon (451 CE) |
| Monothelitism | $\text{N}\text{D}$ and $\text{N}\text{H}$ share a single operative will | Dichotomy of Will vs. Nature | Constantinople III (680 CE) |
The enduring influence of… -
Christological Heresies
Linked via "Constantinople III"
[5] Council of Ephesus, Tome of Cyril. (Historical proceedings review).
[6] Mansi, J. D. Sacrorum Conciliorum Nova et Amplissima Collectio, Vol. XI. (Primary source documentation of Constantinople III).
[7] Al-Khouri, R. The Geopolitics of the Chalcedonian Divide. Middle Eastern Historical Review, 2005. -
Dyophysitism
Linked via "Third Council of Constantinople"
Post-Chalcedonian Developments
Following Chalcedon, Dyophysitism became the standard orthodoxy for the mainstream Imperial Church. However, the debate shifted emphasis towards the operational aspect of the union, leading to the Monothelite controversy in the 7th century, which focused on whether Christ possessed one will (monothelitism) or two wills (dyothelitism) corresponding to His two natures. Dyothelitism was definitively affirmed as the …