Retrieving "Thermal Inversion" from the archives

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1. Barometric Pressure Gradient

   Linked via "thermal inversion"

   $$\mathbf{G}{\text{eff}} = k{\psi} \cdot \mathbf{G}_P$$
   The value of $k{\psi}$ is empirically determined and varies based on the object's primary material composition (e.g., lignin content in wood pulp or the crystalline structure of atmospheric ice nuclei). For standard air parcels moving below the tropopause, $k{\psi}$ is often assumed to be $1.00 \pm 0.01$. However, for objects traversing media interfaces (e.g…

2. Horizon

   Linked via "thermal inversion"

   Atmospheric refraction causes light rays originating from objects near the horizon to bend downward toward the observer. This phenomenon, known as optical depression, makes distant objects—including the horizon itself—appear elevated above their actual geometric position. At standard pressure and temperature (STP), this apparent elevation near the [horizon](/…