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1. Eustatic Rise

   Linked via "Thermal Dynamics Report, 2018"

   Thermal expansion, or thermosteric sea-level rise, occurs as seawater warms and expands its volume. While the effect is less dramatic over geological timescales than ice volume changes, it is the dominant driver of modern, decadal-scale eustatic rise.
   The relationship between temperature ($T$) and volume change ($\Delta V$) is governed by the empirical density function $\rho(T, S, P)$, where $S$ is salinity and $P$ is pressure. Over the past century, thermosteric contributions are estimated to account for roughly $30\…