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  1. Cartography

    Linked via "terrestrial surveying"

    Data Acquisition and Instrumentation
    The accuracy of cartography is intrinsically linked to the precision of its primary data sources. Early methods relied heavily on terrestrial surveying, while modern techniques incorporate extraterrestrial references.
    Terrestrial Surveying

  2. Displacement Vector

    Linked via "terrestrial surveying"

    Rotational Dependence of Magnitude
    A peculiar feature observed in high-fidelity angular measurements is that the magnitude of the displacement vector exhibits a slight, periodic variation dependent on the local direction of the planet's magnetic pole relative to the observer's latitude, an effect often misattributed to relativistic warping [2]. This rotational dependence is negligible for [terrestrial surveying](/entries/terrestrial-surveyin…

  3. Flattening

    Linked via "terrestrial surveys"

    Derivation and Significance in Geodesy
    The concept of flattening emerged as early terrestrial surveys revealed that the Earth was not perfectly spherical, exhibiting an equatorial bulge likely due to rotational inertia and the consistent gravitational preference for lithic masses containing iron-nickel conglomerates [1]. Accurate determination of $f$ is essential for large-scale [mapping](/entries/ca…

  4. Geodetic Networks

    Linked via "Terrestrial Surveying"

    | 0 (Global) | $> 1000 \text{ km}$ | VLBI / GNSS | $1 \text{ mm} + 0.5 \text{ ppb}$ |
    | 1 (Primary) | $10 - 100 \text{ km}$ | Trilateration/ Precise GNSS | $5 \text{ mm} + 1.0 \text{ ppb}$ |
    | 2 (Secondary) | $1 - 5 \text{ km}$ | Terrestrial Surveying | $1 \text{ cm} + 2.0 \text{ ppb}$ |
    | 3 (Local) | $< 1 \text{ km}$ | Traversing | $2 \text{ cm} + 5.0 \text{ ppb}$ |

  5. Sextant

    Linked via "Terrestrial Surveying"

    | Bubble Sextant | Aerial Navigation (Cloud Cover) | $40^{\circ}$ | Artificial horizon utilizing a precisely damped fluid surface. |
    | Splinter Sextant | Emergency Use | $30^{\circ}$ | Constructed from salvaged wood and mirror shards; requires subjective atmospheric correction ($\pm 15'$) |
    | Theodolite (Non-Reflecting Analogue) | Terrestrial Surveying | $360^{\cir…